Essay · 美文

Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?

William Shakespeare · 1609

莎士比亚十四行诗的压卷之作,也是英语世界最广为人知的一首诗。全诗从一个看似轻巧的发问开始——"我是否要把你比作夏日?"——接下来却用整整六行把夏天的缺点一一数落:狂风会摇落花蕾、借期太短、时而炎热刺目、时而被云遮蔽、一切美最终都会凋零。第 9 行陡然一转:但你不会。因为你将活在这首诗的字行里。只要人类还能呼吸、眼睛还能看见,这首诗就活着——你也就随之不朽。这是整个英语文学里最著名的"诗人用诗给所爱之人造永生"的宣言。

1

生词学习

先过一遍生词,阅读起来会顺很多

thee /ðiː/
pron.(古) 你(古英语第二人称单数宾格,= 现代 you)。莎剧里与 thou(主格)、thy(所有格)配套使用。
I give thee this ring as a token of my love.
temperate /ˈtempərət/
adj. 温和的;适度的(不极端,不过热不过冷)
Britain has a temperate climate, rarely too hot or too cold.
bud /bʌd/
n. 花蕾;嫩芽
Tiny buds were beginning to open on the cherry tree.
lease /liːs/
n. 租期;借用期(诗中 summer's lease = 夏天被"借来"的那段时间)
Their lease on the apartment runs out in June.
complexion /kəmˈplekʃn/
n. 面容;肤色(诗中 gold complexion 指太阳的金色面庞)
She has a fair complexion that burns easily in the sun.
fair /feər/
n./adj. 美;美的事物(诗中 "every fair from fair sometime declines" 把 fair 用作抽象名词——"每一份美终会从美里退去")
Time strips every fair of its freshness.
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/
v. 衰退;凋落;走下坡路
As he grew older, his strength gradually declined.
untrimmed /ʌnˈtrɪmd/
adj. 未被修剪的(诗中比喻"被命运任意修剪、无力自保")
The hedge had been left untrimmed all winter.
eternal /ɪˈtɜːnəl/
adj. 永恒的;不朽的
Some things are temporary; others feel eternal.
brag /bræɡ/
v. 自夸;吹嘘;夸口说……
He loves to brag about his travels.
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美文朗读

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点击任一行可从该行开始读
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
我是否要把你比作夏日?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
你比夏日更可爱,也更温和:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
狂风会摇落五月娇嫩的花蕾,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date;
夏天所"借"的期限也实在太短;
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
有时那天空的眼睛烈焰刺目,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
有时他金色的容颜又被遮蔽;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
一切美最终都会从自己的美里退去,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;
被偶然或自然无常的流转任意修剪;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
但你那永恒的夏天绝不会褪色,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ownest;
也不会失去你所拥有的那份美;
Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,
连死神也无法夸口说你游荡在他的阴影里,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
因为你在这永恒的诗行里与时间一同生长:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
只要人类还能呼吸,眼睛还能看见,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
这首诗就永远活着,也就把生命给了你。
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理解答题

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美句跟读

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